All distance learning assignments will be posted in google classroom from this point on. This site will still be used as a source of additional information and videos.
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I hope everyone had a wonderful weekend and spent some time outside in the sunshine yesterday. Your assignment today is to fill out the first two columns of the KWL chart prior to watching the EdPuzzle video and the last column after watching the video in the link below
https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/5e9d805b1aca0a3fa10fe782/watch The Genetics KWL chart is on google classroom. I am also posting a review of the exam from last week on google classroom, please take a look over it and ask any questions you might have. If you have any questions or concerns please e-mail me at [email protected] Stay safe and healthy! DNA -> Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> ProteinDNA holds the code or recipe for all the proteins that our cells and bodies need to make. DNA is stuck in the nucleus because it is a large double helix, this is a problem because proteins are made at the ribosome which is located outside of the nuclear membrane in the cytoplasm. mRNA or messenger RNA makes copy of the code via transcription (think of a waiter taking down your order at a restaurant). Some main differences between DNA and RNA are that RNA is single stranded, has a different sugar (Ribose) and it does not contain thymine (T) but instead has uracil(U). Since the mRNA is only single stranded, it is small enough to leave the nucleus and does just that. It carries the code of a gene (which codes for one protein to be made) out of the nucleus and to the ribosome (site of protein synthesis). Every three bases on a strand of mRNA represent a codon, they code for a specific amino acid. tRNA or transfer RNA molecules that are free floating in the nucleus carry a specific amino acid based on their anti codon. The tRNA molecules bring the specific amino acid to the corresponding codon of mRNA at the ribosome. The ribosome then links one amino acid to the next with peptide bonds forming between them. 50 or more amino acids linked together and folded in a certain way are needed to build a protein. We use an mRNA codon chart to figure out the sequence of amino acids being linked together and thus the protein being coded for. ProteinsProteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. Essentially, proteins are what make you, you. Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units or building blocks called amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to in different orders to make a protein. The sequence of amino acids determines each protein’s unique 3-dimensional (3D) structure and its specific function.
The Father of Genetics•Gregor Mendel was a Monk from Austria. He was the first person to study the passage of traits from one generation to the next using pea plants •He did not have any understanding of the nucleus, chromosomes, genes or DNA (they were not discovered yet!) •He studied contrasting traits in pea plants •He kept careful notes
Hereditary Heredity is the passage of traits from one generation to the next Traits 1. The physical and chemical characteristics of an organism 2. Traits enable the organism to adapt and survive 3. Physical traits = appearance and body structures 4. Chemical traits = metabolism
Flounder that blends in with it's surroundings Human trait ex. determined by only 1 gene
DNA is the genetic information which is passed on from one generation to the next. DNA is condensed into chromosomes prior to DNA replication and cell division. If humans we inherit 23 chromosomes from our mother and 23 chromosomes from our father giving our somatic cells 46 chromosomes. DNA is found in the nucleus of cells. DNA can also be found in the mitochondria of all cells ad the chloroplast of plant cells. Different organisms have a different number of chromosomes in the nucleus. DNA is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide contains a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate and a nitrogenous base. There are four different bases that make up DNA; Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine. DNA is double stranded and takes on the shape of a twisted ladder or double helix. The backbone of the double helix consists of the repeating phosphate and sugar molecules. The steps or rungs of the DNA ladder (double helix) are complementary base pairs. Adenine and Thymine are complements and Guanine and Cytosine are complements so they generally pair together.
DNA replication is the process of creating two exact copies of DNA from one DNA molecule. DNA replication is important since it creates a new copy of DNA which will go into one of the two daughter cells when a cell divides via mitosis as well as to create gametes via Meiosis. Without replication, each cell lacks adequate hereditary information to give instructions for creating proteins vital for bodily purpose. Please go to google classroom and complete the Coronavirus reading and associated questions. This assignment will be due Friday. We will begin genetics on Friday!
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Ms. JonesLiving Environment 2019-2020 |